Imagebam.com
Fast, Free Image Hosting - ImageBamDomain Summary
What is the traffic rank for Imagebam.com?
• Imagebam.com ranks #7,609 globally on HypeStat.
What percent of global Internet users visit Imagebam.com?
• 0.0033372% of global Internet users visit Imagebam.com
How many people visit Imagebam.com each day?
• Imagebam.com receives approximately 164.5K visitors and 1,237,257 page impressions per day.
Which countries does Imagebam.com receive most of its visitors from?
• Imagebam.com is mostly visited by people located in United States,Germany,United Kingdom.
How much Imagebam.com can earn?
• Imagebam.com should earn about $4,237.02/day from advertising revenue.
What is Imagebam.com estimated value?
• Estimated value of Imagebam.com is $4,720,108.42.
What IP addresses does Imagebam.com resolve to?
• Imagebam.com resolves to the IP addresses 212.63.223.232.
Where are Imagebam.com servers located in?
• Imagebam.com has servers located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19130, Sweden.
imagebam.com Profile
Title:Fast, Free Image Hosting - ImageBam
Description:Image Hosting, Image Upload, Picture Hosting
Tags:
Category:Computers Electronics and Technology / File Sharing and Hosting
About:
Free Image Hosting and photo sharing. Create an online album with bulk upload tools and share with family and friends.
Edit Site Info
What technologies does imagebam.com use?
These are the technologies used at imagebam.com. imagebam.com has a total of 7 technologies installed in 7 different categories.imagebam.com Traffic Analysis
Imagebam.com is ranked #7,609 in the world. This website is viewed by an estimated 164.5K visitors daily, generating a total of 1.2M pageviews. This equates to about 5M monthly visitors. Imagebam.com traffic has decreased by 4.59% compared to last month.Daily Visitors164.5K
5.87%
Monthly Visits5M
4.59%
Pages per Visit7.52
1.21%
Visit duration04:30
0.2%
Bounce Rate26.72%
4%
Is this your site?Verify your site's metrics.
- Daily Unique Visitors:
- 164,521
- Monthly Visits:
- 4,984,986
- Pages per Visit:
- 7.52
- Daily Pageviews:
- 1,237,257
- Avg. visit duration:
- 04:30
- Bounce rate:
- 26.72%
- Global Reach:
- 0.0033372%
- Monthly Visits (SEMrush):
- 7,627,164
- Monthly Unique Visitors (SEMrush):
- 2,965,453
- Monthly Visits (SimilarWeb):
- 4,985,475
- HypeRank:
- 7,609
- SEMrush Rank:
- 1,378,661
- SimilarWeb Rank:
- 8,242
Traffic sources
- Direct:
- 58.80%
- Referral:
- 40.36%
- Search:
- 0.69%
- Social:
- 0.15%
- Paid:
- 0%
Desktop vs Mobile
- Desktop:
- 37.22%
- Mobile:
- 62.78%
Total Visits Last 3 Months
5.6M
APR
5.2M
MAY
5M
JUN
Visitors by country
- Country
- Users%
- United States 21.89%
- Germany 11.35%
- United Kingdom 6.01%
- Indonesia 5.93%
- Russian Federation 5.34%
Where do visitors go on imagebam.com?
- Reach%Pageviews%PerUser
- imagebam.com
- 95.27%93.92%6.08
- images4.imagebam.com
- 4.59%1.57%2.1
- images3.imagebam.com
- 2.58%2.67%6.4
- images2.imagebam.com
- 2.26%1.05%2.9
- thumbs2.imagebam.com
- 1.44%0.26%1
Backlinks Report ▼
Imagebam.com has a total of 891,327 backlinks from 826 referring domains and most of them comes from United States.- Total Backlinks:
- 891,327
- Follow Links:
- 714,882
- Nofollow Links:
- 176,444
- Referring Domains:
- 826
- Referring IPs:
- 647
- Authority Domain Score:
- 30
Backlinks by country
- Country
- Domains
- United States 325
- Singapore 104
- Netherlands 31
- Germany 22
- France 18
Backlinks by TLDs
- TLD Distribution
- Domains
- .com
- 469
- .in
- 51
- .net
- 43
- .edu
- 0
- .gov
- 0
Which sites are competitors to imagebam.com?
Websites similar to imagebam.com are sites similar on user interests and browsing behavior. Users can discover new websites that are similar to the ones they already enjoy or find useful.- Domain
- CompareDaily Visitors
- mediafire.com
- Compare >5.6M
- imgur.com
- Compare >3.5M
- mega.nz
- Compare >3.4M
- gofile.io
- Compare >1.4M
- 1fichier.com
- Compare >1M
- ***gator.net
- Compare >894.7K
- k2s.cc
- Compare >595.2K
- turbobit.net
- Compare >324K
- postimg.cc
- Compare >288.5K
- filejoker.net
- Compare >144.4K
- fboom.me
- Compare >123.9K
- filefactory.com
- Compare >66.5K
- depositfiles.com
- Compare >34.3K
- imgdrive.net
- Compare >22K
Last update was 107 days ago
This can take up to 60 seconds. Please wait...
This can take up to 60 seconds. Please wait...
*HypeStat.com is not promoting or affiliated with imagebam.com in any way. Only publicly available statistics data are displayed.
Search Engine Indexes ▼
Search engine indexes are huge databases or collections of net pages that search engines like google like google and yahoo use to retrieve applicable facts while customers carry out searches. These indexes are created through search engines like google and yahoo through crawling and indexing net pages from throughout the internet.- Google Index:
- 44,800
- Bing Index:
- 9,960
- Baidu Index:
- 33,400
▼
SEMrush is a complete on line advertising and marketing platform that gives a extensive variety of gear and functions to help companies and entrepreneurs in enhancing their on line visibility and optimizing their virtual advertising and marketing strategies.- Domain:
- imagebam.com
- Rank:
(Rank based on keywords, cost and organic traffic) - 1,378,661
- Organic Keywords:
(Number of keywords in top 20 Google SERP) - 70
- Organic Traffic:
(Number of visitors coming from top 20 search results) - 619
- Organic Cost:
((How much need to spend if get same number of visitors from Google Adwords) - $2,046.00
Revenue report ▼
Google.com would generate approximately $4.2K per day if the source of income were advertisements, which equates to an estimated monthly revenue of $127.1K and annual gross revenue of approximately $1.5M. Based on these figures, the site's net worth is estimated at around $4.7M.How much would imagebam.com make?
- Daily Revenue:
- $4,237.02
- Monthly Revenue:
- $127,110.60
- Yearly Revenue:
- $1,546,512.30
Daily earning by country
- CountryPageviewsEarning
- United States 270,878$1,308.34
- United Kingdom 74,315$199.17
- Germany 140,386$196.54
- Russian Federation 66,127$27.11
- Indonesia 73,346$8.07
Loss of money due to Adblock?
- Daily Revenue Loss:
- $330.67
- Monthly Revenue Loss:
- $9,920.12
- Yearly Revenue Loss:
- $120,694.81
- Daily Pageviews Blocked:
- 147,869
- Monthly Pageviews Blocked:
- 4,436,062
- Yearly Pageviews Blocked:
- 53,972,087
Daily revenue loss by country
- CountryBlockedLost Money
- United States 48,758$235.50
- Germany 40,712$57.00
- United Kingdom 11,890$31.87
- Indonesia 42,541$4.68
- Russian Federation 3,968$1.63
How much is imagebam.com worth?
- Website Value:
- $4.7M
Ad Experience Report ▼
Summary of the ad experience rating of a website for a specific platform.Mobile summary
- Root domain:
- imagebam.com
- Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.) - Off
- Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.) - Not reviewed
Desktop summary
- Root domain:
- imagebam.com
- Last Change Time:
(The last time that the site changed status.) - 2018-09-04 01:31:38
- Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.) - Off
- Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.) - Passing
Abusive Experience Report ▼
Summary of the abusive experience rating of a website.- Root domain:
- imagebam.com
- Last Change Time:
(The last time that the site changed status.) - 2018-09-04 01:31:38
- Enforcement:
(Chrome is not preventing your site from opening new windows or tabs.) - Off
- Status:
(The status of the site reviewed for the abusive experiences.) - Not reviewed
Where is imagebam.com hosted? ▼
Imagebam.com may be hosted in multiple data centers distributed in different locations around the world. This is probably just one of them.- Server IP:
- 212.63.223.232
- ASN:
- AS50827
- ISP:
- SpaceDump IT AB
- Server Location:
- Philadelphia
Pennsylvania, PA
19130
Sweden, SE
Other sites hosted on 212.63.223.232
There are no other sites hosted on this IPHow fast does imagebam.com load? ▼
The average loading time of imagebam.com is 880 ms. The Desktop speed index is 84 and mobile speed index is 57.- Average Load Time:
- 880 ms
Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Desktop
Field Data
Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a FAST speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.
Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0ms
Time To First Byte (TTFB)796ms
First Contentful Paint (FCP)1.4s
First Input Delay (FID)1ms
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)53ms
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)1.5s
Origin Data
All pages served from this origin have an SLOW speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.
Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)30ms
Time To First Byte (TTFB)442ms
First Contentful Paint (FCP)770ms
First Input Delay (FID)2ms
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)30ms
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)1.7s
Lab Data
First Contentful Paint 1.5 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric
Max Potential First Input Delay 20 ms
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric
Speed Index 2.5 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric
Time to Interactive 1.5 s
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
Lazy load third-party resources with facades
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
First Meaningful Paint 1.5 s
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric
Total Blocking Time 0 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric
Largest Contentful Paint 1.6 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric
Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Mobile
Field Data
Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a AVERAGE speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.
Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)0ms
Time To First Byte (TTFB)966ms
First Contentful Paint (FCP)1.6s
First Input Delay (FID)11ms
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)78ms
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)1.8s
Origin Data
All pages served from this origin have an SLOW speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.
Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)31ms
Time To First Byte (TTFB)659ms
First Contentful Paint (FCP)1.1s
First Input Delay (FID)11ms
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)84ms
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)2.4s
Lab Data
Max Potential First Input Delay 190 ms
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric
Lazy load third-party resources with facades
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
Speed Index 8.4 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric
Total Blocking Time 70 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric
Time to Interactive 6.8 s
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
First Meaningful Paint 6.2 s
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric
First Contentful Paint 6.2 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric
Largest Contentful Paint 8.2 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric
Does imagebam.com use compression? ▼
Website compression is the process of reducing the size of website files, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and image files, to improve website performance and load times. Compressing website files can significantly reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred from the server to the user's browser, resulting in faster page load times and improved user experience. Files on imagebam.com are reduced by 73%.
imagebam.com use gzip compression.
Original size: 18.68 KB
Compressed size: 4.92 KB
File reduced by: 13.76 KB (73%)
Compressed size: 4.92 KB
File reduced by: 13.76 KB (73%)
Google Safe Browsing ▼
Google Safe Browsing is a service provided by Google that helps protect users from visiting websites that may contain malicious or harmful content, such as malware, phishing attempts, or deceptive software.
This site is not currently listed as suspicious
MyWot.com Reputation Ratings
MyWOT (short for "My Web of Trust") is a web-based reputation and rating service that provides users with information about the trustworthiness and safety of websites. imagebam.com has 86 Safety Reputations.- Status:
- SAFE
- Safety Reputations:
- 86
- Safety Confidence:
- 51
- Child Safety Reputations:
- 21
- Child Safety Confidence:
- 32
SSL Checker - SSL Certificate Verify ▼
An SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate is a digital certificate that establishes a secure encrypted connection between a web server and a user's web browser. It provides authentication and encryption, ensuring that data transmitted between the server and the browser remains private and protected. imagebam.com supports HTTPS. imagebam.com supports HTTPS
Verifying SSL Support. Please wait...
Common Name: *.imagebam.com
Organization:
Location:
Issuer: GoGetSSL RSA DV CA
Valid from: Oct 20 00:00:00 2023 GMT
Valid until: Nov 19 23:59:59 2024 GMT
Authority: CA:FALSE
Keysize: 2048 Bits
Organization:
Location:
Issuer: GoGetSSL RSA DV CA
Valid from: Oct 20 00:00:00 2023 GMT
Valid until: Nov 19 23:59:59 2024 GMT
Authority: CA:FALSE
Keysize: 2048 Bits
Common Name: GoGetSSL RSA DV CA
Organization: GoGetSSL
Location: Riga, LV
Issuer: USERTrust RSA Certification Authority
Valid from: Sep 6 00:00:00 2018 GMT
Valid until: Sep 5 23:59:59 2028 GMT
Authority: CA:TRUE
Keysize: 2048 Bits
Organization: GoGetSSL
Location: Riga, LV
Issuer: USERTrust RSA Certification Authority
Valid from: Sep 6 00:00:00 2018 GMT
Valid until: Sep 5 23:59:59 2028 GMT
Authority: CA:TRUE
Keysize: 2048 Bits
Common Name: USERTrust RSA Certification Authority
Organization: The USERTRUST Network
Location: Jersey City, New Jersey, US
Issuer: AAA Certificate Services
Valid from: Mar 12 00:00:00 2019 GMT
Valid until: Dec 31 23:59:59 2028 GMT
Authority: CA:TRUE
Keysize: 4096 Bits
Organization: The USERTRUST Network
Location: Jersey City, New Jersey, US
Issuer: AAA Certificate Services
Valid from: Mar 12 00:00:00 2019 GMT
Valid until: Dec 31 23:59:59 2028 GMT
Authority: CA:TRUE
Keysize: 4096 Bits
Verify HTTP/2 Support ▼
HTTP/2 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2) is a major revision of the HTTP protocol, which is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. It was developed as an improvement over the previous HTTP/1.1 version to enhance web performance and efficiency. imagebam.com does not support HTTP/2
Verifying HTTP/2.0 Support. Please wait...
Http Header ▼
HTTP headers are extra portions of records despatched among a consumer (which include an internet browser) and a server at some stage in an HTTP request or response. They offer instructions, metadata, or manipulate parameters for the conversation among the consumer and server.Server: nginx
Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2024 11:59:08 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 178
Connection: keep-alive
Location: https://www.imagebam.com/
X-Server-W: web01
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: no-cache, private
Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2024 11:59:08 GMT
Set-Cookie: XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Iml4a2pYYmVTMWV2ei9CQy9PaWo2L1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL1N3MFNoVGtaRitEZi9WWCszTjF5bTJhKzNOSitYRmZLMlh2ZllBK0dtcnI1cUhuNytzUUhya2MzQUFiaWRZM0hoSkNxRHRDRVpvOXdjd3RWNThHWGpRZnJPeGdBWHZUdmhzYXQvY0hVdVNKekx5UGRtZk9IOGRmTkorZ0NuYUsiLCJtYWMiOiI3MjVlZjk5OWE5OThmZWZkMjIzNWM0MDNjOWE2ZmEwZTkxMDRjZDBhMWVlYWQyMjQ0MzI4Y2FhMWRjOTMxNWE5In0%3D; expires=Thu, 08-Aug-2024 11:59:08 GMT; Max-Age=259200; path=/
Set-Cookie: imagebam_session=eyJpdiI6Ijc1T0tYdjZNVDYraWsrTjhtTkpwU3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQW5TcFkvQ2RUUVM1MVJMWmE5dnl5K1JER1JIaGpjV0dZT2thOTVReFJ5UHQ3UlduQU1zWXRhZzFSWUIwTDFXS3I3SVk0VjZxenVsY29kY3Z3eXp3UFRjczZUR0ZvUjFSakNiNzZQYlkxczQvam04RXJveURUMzVuSHdBYTQ0NjIiLCJtYWMiOiI4NGY2ZjlkOWZlNzU2ZmRiODIxYWIyMGZhMmJiMDdhNDVlZWM2MTUxZWFhMTdkZmYwMzNkNGIyMjM0NzdlZDlkIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 08-Aug-2024 11:59:08 GMT; Max-Age=259200; path=/; httponly
X-Server-W: web01
Content-Encoding: gzip
DNS Lookup ▼
DNS entries (Domain Name System) are a critical component of the Internet infrastructure. They act as directories that translate human-readable domain names (such as example.com) to machine-readable IP addresses. DNS records are stored on DNS servers and help forward internet traffic efficiently.Type | Ip | Target/Txt | TTL |
TXT | 300 | ||
MX | 300 | ||
SOA | 600 | ||
Mname | ns11.godns.com | ||
Rname | admin.imagebam.com | ||
Serial Number | 2023122401 | ||
Refresh | 7200 | ||
Retry | 1800 | ||
Expire | 1209600 | ||
Minimum TTL | 600 | ||
A | 212.63.223.232 | 231 | |
NS | 3600 | ||
NS | 3600 | ||
NS | 3600 | ||
NS | 3600 |
Whois Lookup ▼
Domain WHOIS is a public database that provides information about domain names, including registered owners, contact information, domain registrars, registration and expiration dates, name servers, and other relevant information. Domain registration for this website began on September 22, 2006 and will expire on September 22, 2024 if not renewed. This website is now assigned through the registrar GRANSY S.R.O D/B/A SUBREG.CZ. The WHOIS data for this website's domain was last updated on September 14, 2023.- Domain Created:
- 2006-09-22
- Domain Expires:
- 2024-09-22
- Domain Updated:
- 2023-09-14
- Domain Age:
- 18 years 1 months 29 days
- Domain Registrar:
- GRANSY S.R.O D/B/A SUBREG.CZ
- Domain Owner:
- Whois protection, this company does not own this d
- WhoIs:
Domain Name: imagebam.com Registry Domain ID: 603131512_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.regtons.com Registrar URL: http://regtons.com Updated Date: 2023-09-14T00:00:00Z Creation Date: 2006-09-22T00:00:00Z Registrar Registration Expiration Date: 2024-09-22T00:00:00Z Registrar: GRANSY S.R.O D/B/A SUBREG.CZ Registrar IANA ID: 1505 Registrar Abuse Contact Email: Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +420.734463373 Reseller: Securest Ltd. Domain Status: ok https://www.icann.org/epp#ok Registry Registrant ID: G-1003737 Registrant Name: Domain Admin Registrant Organization: Whois protection, this company does not own this domain name s.r.o. Registrant Street: Jaurisova 515/4 Registrant City: Praha 4 Registrant State/Province: Registrant Postal Code: 14000 Registrant Country: CZ Registrant Phone: +420.226517351 Registrant Phone Ext: Registrant Fax: +420.226517341 Registrant Fax Ext: Registrant Email: Registry Admin ID: G-1003737 Admin Name: Domain Admin Admin Organization: Whois protection, this company does not own this domain name s.r.o. Admin Street: Jaurisova 515/4 Admin City: Praha 4 Admin State/Province: Admin Postal Code: 14000 Admin Country: CZ Admin Phone: +420.226517351 Admin Phone Ext: Admin Fax: +420.226517341 Admin Fax Ext: Admin Email: Registry Tech ID: G-1003737 Tech Name: Domain Tech Tech Organization: Whois protection, this company does not own this domain name s.r.o. Tech Street: Jaurisova 515/4 Tech City: Praha 4 Tech State/Province: Tech Postal Code: 14000 Tech Country: CZ Tech Phone: +420.226517351 Tech Phone Ext: Tech Fax: +420.226517341 Tech Fax Ext: Tech Email: Name Server: ns11.godns.com Name Server: ns22.godns.com Name Server: ns33.godns.com Name Server: ns44.godns.com DNSSEC: unsigned URL of the ICANN WHOIS Data Problem Reporting System: http://wdprs.internic.net/ >>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2024-08-05T00:00:00Z